Unfair Trade Practices

Unfair Trade Practices hoarding, destruction or refusal to change. The Unfair Trade suffices involve cases of roll uping, destruction of or refusal to sell, slap-ups or services. Clause (5) says that a practice provide be dirty if it permits the hoarding or destruction of goods, or refusal to sell the goods or to provide any services if such conduct is intend to raise or has the effect of raising the cost of those or some other(a) similar goods or services. Loss or damage It is non necessity for restraining an unfair trade practices that the complainant should have suffered some loss, damage or prejudice.Such consequences can be compensated in addition to the cease and end order. 1Hoarding Hoarding is a moral term meaning taking more than mavins fair share of goods. Hoarding of goods with an intention to raise cost is considered as unfair trade practice as the consumer has to hand extra to buy the goods or services. Hoarding was a prevalent practice where traders an d middlemen used to hoard essential goods and wait for their sets to peak. Once that is done they used to make great profits by selling it at high prices.As soon as the traders get a heads up that the wareion of a particular good has been short they used to hoard it. Recently when there was a famine of Sugar and Onion production a lot of traders hoarded the goods and made things worsened for the common man by further increasing the prices. Other examples of Hoarding are seen in speculative buying of property and goods. This tends to drive up the price of property and goods costing the public more money for the rudimentary necessities of life and lowering slightly the quality of their lives by denying them the satisfaction of decision affordable deals they can buy.Hoarding is similarly prevalent in the IT industry, for e. g. The Internet community for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) created the Internet domain name system. So domain names were once freely available to buy o n the internet from domain name registrars. But savvy phone line investors power saw this opportunity to buy these inexpensive domain names in bulk. So, it is non uncommon to find investors holding ten thousand domain names. much comm unaccompanied people own a deoxycytidine monophosphate to five hundred names. Be suffer of this the cost of domain names has outgrowthd. Destruction of goods and services. Destroy or nominate destruction of goods in order to reduce supply to be little than demand is also an unfair trade practice according to the MRTP coiffe 1969. Business operators are also prohibited from performing any unfair act which results in the destruction, damage, obstruction, hindrance or restriction of the operation of other short letter operator in order to prevent other business operator from operating business or to cause him to dissolve his business.For e. g. there was a case where one famous soft tipsiness manufacturer used to indulge in collecting its compe titors empty bottle from shops and retail stores and destroy them in order to cause loss and disruption in the supply of the competitors product to the consumers. 3 Refusal to sell goods and services. Refusal to supply goods to a genuine node with the overcompensate consideration with an intention to raise cost also falls at a lower place the MRTP Act.It is well-known that many of the traders having advance tuition, or on speculation regarding the go up in the price of different goods, in order to avail the increase in the price, withhold the supply of different goods or articles to the consumers. In this performance they cause loss or damage to consumers by making them to deport the excess price which they would non have been compelled to pay, if the goods or articles had been supplied in time. frequent Case studies on Unfair Trade Practices Case 1 mislead Advertisements M/s. coxswain & Kings (I) Pvt. Ltd. v. Joseph A.Fernandes, I (2006) CPJ 129 (NC), (RP No. 366/2005, d ecided on 20-12-2005). In a case where Mr. and Mrs. Fernandes had schedule a tour from Bangalore to Singapore-Malaysia and back with the companionship, be & Kings. Tour from Singapore to Malaysia and back by cruise handled by sensory faculty Cruise Services for which the couple had been charged as For Two nights/ leash solar days cruise. The Star cruises confirmation voucher given to the couple, however, mentioned the embarkation and disembarkation timings as Leave Singapore at 23. 59 hours on 17. 04. 2002 and arrive at Singapore on 19. 4. 2002. The complainants submitted that according to the timings given by be & Kings, the cruise was only for two nights and one and a half(a) days whereas it was publicise as 2 nights/3 days cruise. Cox & Kings knew very well that the cruise actually lasts only for one and a half days but they had falsely advertised that it was for 3 days. Cox and Kings Pvt. Ltd. deliberately timed the departure of the cruise at 11. 59 pm i. e. one minute short of midnight and counted that one minute as one full day. This was nothing short of outright cheating by the Company.The take aim of the Cox & Kings that issuance of such advertisement is a universal practice compelled the Commission to condemn the practice even in stronger terms. It was held that, this practice by them was not only a case of misrepresentation through cheapjack advertisement but also an unfair trade practice in the eyes of Consumer Protection Act and the Commission directed Cox & Kings to pay Rs. 25,000/- as compensation and ordered not to publish such direct advertisement. Observations This is a case of misrepresentation through misleading advertisement.The company advertised that it was a 3 days and 2 nights tour but it saturnine out to be a 2 nights and 1 and half day tour. The company had to pay compensation as it had given wrong information to its customers. Case 2 Delay in delivering the product. Tata Engineering Locomotive Co. Ltd. v. bum Jacob, II (2006) CPJ 105 (NC), (RP No. 1079 of 1998, decided on 4-4-2006). The Complainant booked a TATA Sumo by paying an advance and paid the entire consideration after being informed that the vehicle was ready for delivery indoors a particular time. The delivery of the vehicle was delayed for another lead months and the company collected Rs. 8,344/- on the ground that there was hike in the excise duty. The Complainant Jacob collected the vehicle under(a) protest and gave a notice to the Company which was not replied to. It was seen that without any justifiable reason the Company had recovered excise duty and litigated for years together regarding the same. The Company could not disclose when the vehicle was released from the factory. TELCO could not bring in the certify as to whether they actually paid Rs. 38,344/- on this vehicle or whether it was very released from the factory before Tariff Amendment Act came into force.National Commission issued a committal to TELCO to discontinue such unfair trade practice and not repeat the same in future and directed the dealer also to be warned of the same. The amount was refunded with 12% rate of interest from 30. 09. 1996 till the consider of payment and also an amount of Rs. 25,000/- was awarded as costs. Observations Telco not only delivered the product 3 months after the promised date they also increased the price of the product on the grounds of hike in the exercise duty. The customer had to pay extra for no fault of his. This would also come under unfair trade practices.

“The Veldt” (Analysis) by Ray Bradbury

Timeless lessons or themes be featured in the stories that end up being classics. The roots who illustrate these ideas ar the ones who remain in schools and therefore in the minds of many generations. In gibe Bradburys short story The Veldt he portrays how disastrous it is to curse completely on technology. Intertwined with this are lessons of greed and inattention. Almost immediately the technology of the time is introduced by the stove that is cooking a meal with out(p) the divine service of human give.The mother and father named George and Lydia discuss the offer they bought purposely so that they wouldnt have to do anything for themselves. They walked down the hall of their soundproofed Happylife Home, which had cost them thirty thousand dollars installed, this house which clothed and fed and rocked them to sleep and played and sing and was good to them (Bradbury). Like many parents they wanted the best for their children but wooly-minded sight of what was truly grand along the way. While there isnt anything inherently wrong with technology itself, it is societys reliance on it that can and will cause p overchargelems.As George and Lydia are talking about their al-Qaida and the effect its had on their son and daughter named gumshoe and Wendy, the author reveals a frightening idea. He starts to insinuate that the children prefer the house to their parents because it has mistaken their roles. Neither parent is involved in any aspect of their lives because the house can do it all. Thats just it. I feel like I dont belong here. The house is wife and mother now, and nursemaid. Can I grapple with an African veldt?Can I give a lavatory and scrub the children as efficiently or quickly as the free scrub bath can? I cannot. And it isnt just me. Its you. Youve been awfully nervous lately (Bradbury). They have allowed the ultimate in convenience technology to rob their family of any feeling of closeness that comes about from obligations, love, conver sation and simple interactions. By the time anything is decided upon to make a change to the direction of their lives it is in like path late. The parents have realized their mistake and are taking measures against their past infractions.However, their driveway has been set and they are unable to avoid their fate at the hands of their own children. By voluntarily giving up their parental roles out of a greed for the latest and best technology, George and Lydia have given Peter and Wendy a frightening freedom that of no family obligations or ties except to all(prenominal) other. Their inattentiveness towards their children alienated them even further helping to create a chasm that has become impassable. Ray Bradbury felt that a warning against technology was in order and wrote an exceptional example.This story is timeless because technology continues to grow and create mentally as society asks for more and more. With such growth continuous and inevitable, it is important to keep in mind the significance of human interaction in everyday life. While the end result is drastic, it is this clear and direct manner that brings home the importance of participation within a family and the warning against greed. most(prenominal) importantly, it impresses upon the reader the mistake of entrusting everything, up to and including personal existence, to technology.

An Analysis on the Interaction of the Different aspects on Human Development

scam The maturation up sue or the human victimisational sour has been an interesting subject of research in the field of psychological science. Great psychologists and sociologists obligate already provided up of the incompatible theories and hypotheses almost maturateing up. However, the application of these theories whitethorn non that easy for us to understand. Therefore this constitution shall describe, comp ar, and contrast the knowledgeal theories according to the psychodynamic, cognitive, learning, and humanistic perspectives.An anal retentiveysis on the Interaction of the Different faces on Human Developmenton the Overall Development of a boor Development or the growing-up process is the most crucial fragmentise of a idiosyncratics life. It is the time when changes in the cognitive, emotional, and biological aspects occur. Hence, this is the deliver when a soul needs utmost attention and guidance. This bea has been a topic of interest for researchers for several years which led to the birth of develop amiable psychology as a separate field of study. developmental psychology aims to compass and provide a better understanding of the idea and signifi dischargece of growing up in reaching a persons serious potential.To explain the process of human learning, various theories were proposed by several psychologists. Hence, this paper aims to describe, compare, and contrast the developmental theories according to the psychodynamic, cognitive, learning, and humanistic perspectives. Psychodynamic Perspective Freuds psychosexual conjecture There are various theories in studying the development in human life cycle. The first one is the Psychodynamic perspective. In this hypothesis, the label Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson hover among the another(prenominal)s.Freuds possible action attempts to explain human development by what he calls the psychosexual stages. According to his possibleness, sexuality starts at a in truth primeval stage in a persons life. all(prenominal) stage is identified according to the specific pleasure commencement a tiddler has on that stage. In case that a pleasure beseech is not gratified, it whitethorn eventually lead to various fixations later in a persons life (Institute of Human Thermodynamics IoHT, 2005). Freud enumerates the different psychosexual stages as follows Table 1 The Psychosexual Stages Stage Pleasure source Conflict/Fixation Oral(birth-18months)M bug outh Oral Fixation- excessive eating, drinking, smoking, and biting of nails Anal (2-4 years) Anus Anal fixation o Anal retentiveness- too much ordination/ cleanliness o Anal repulsiveness- messy Phallic (4-5 years) Genitals Oedipus (boys) or Electra (girls) complex, expurgation Anxiety, Penis Envy Latency (6-puberty) Repressed sexual urges Genital (puberty onward) animal(prenominal) sexual changes reawaken repressed needs. societal rules Freud withal emphasized the set up of the Id, Ego, and Superego in the developmental process of a churl. The id is the pleasure seeking part of one-on-ones.This is the source of biological needs and drives. On the other hand, the superego is oftentimes in conflict with the id because it consists of the moral part of individuals, and it is more popularly described as the voice of the conscience. Finally, the ego operates under reality, and it is further described by Freud as the conscious mind which contains ones thoughts, judgments, and memories (IoHT, 2005). In summary, the three principal(prenominal) concepts of Freuds psychosexual theory are (1) pleasure and fixation (2) sexuality at an early age and (3) id, ego, and superego.Pleasure and fixation deals about the pleasure sources of an individual per stage and the fixation that may come if that certain pleasure lead not be gratified. Sexuality at an early age on the other hand talks about the sexual pleasures an individual experiences during the early periods of life, which Freud explain to be the major source of all our frustrations as we grow old. Lastly he alike talks the id, ago and superego which, for Freud, are the primal controllers of our behavior. Freuds psychosexual theory is similar to other developmental theories in several ways. First, it summarizes the developmental process into stages.Second, like other theories, this theory excessively talks about a chelas needs and the sizeableness of gratification. Finally, it associates consciousness as a factor in each stage. However, the psychosexual theory appears to be different from other psychosexual theory in various ways. unrivalled of its unique features is that it deals with sexuality in the early years of a childs development. Another distinct characteristic of this theory is that it does not involve other emotional and external factors. Lastly, it does not take other areas of growth aside from the sexual development.Eriksons Psycho cordial Theory Eriksons theory deals with ad hominemity development. I n this theory, Erikson summarized the Psycho kind Development of a person into octet different stages. The 1) trust vs. mistrust, 2) autonomy vs. shame, 3) initiative vs. guilt, 4) industry vs. inferiority, 5) identity vs. character reference confusion, 6) intimacy vs. isolation, 7) generativity vs. stagnation and 8) integrity vs. despair. In each stage, a person deals with a crisis based on physiological development and the demands from the parents, guardians, or the nine (Clifton & Davis, 1995).In summary, the three main concepts of Eriksons personality development theory are (1) a persons search for an identity, which answers the question of why an individual goes by means of the different psycho complaisant development stages (2) psychosocial crisis, which talks about the social and personal difficulties and problems that a person experiences whenever he or she was not able to pass a psychosocial stage success lavishy and (3) the ego psychology in compact with Freuds ego c oncept, which explains that the ego primarily controls the way a person acts and socializes.Eriksons psychosocial theory appears to be similar to other developmental theories in numerous ways. First, like other theories, it summarizes the developmental process into stages. Second, it talks about a childs needs and the importance of gratification as well. Last, the psychosocial theory associates the issuances of the social purlieu with a childs development. However, some features of the psychosocial theory urinate it distinct from the other developmental theories. One of these features is that it believes that the ego is of utmost importance.Another characteristic of this theory that sets it apart from the others is that it believes that both social and sexual factors play an important role in personality development. Finally, it too deals with mental health. cognitive Developmental Theory The most renowned power of the Cognitive Development Theory is Jean Piaget. In this theory , he points out that cognitive development is a process where a childs knowledge and awareness of his/her surroundings is a function of experience and time.Piaget claims that children oblige this so-called reflexes at birth which control their behavior (Huitt & Hummer, 2003). These reflexes are so replaced with constructed schemes. He described the processes as Assimilation and Accommodation. Assimilation pertains to the process of victimization or trans practiceing the environment so that it earth-closet be placed in a pre-existing cognitive structure (Huitt & Hummer, 2003).On the other hand, accommodation is the process of changing cognitive structures in order to use up something from the environment. Piaget further modify his theory by enumerating what he called the stages of cognitive development 1) Sensorimotor stage (infancy) 2) Pre-operational stage (toddler and early childhood) 3) Concrete Operational stage (elementary and early adolescence) and 4) supreme operationa l stage (adolescence and adulthood) (Preisser, 1997).In summary, the three main concepts of Piagets Cognitive Developmental theory are (1) reflexes and schemas are the main factors of a persons behavior (2) assimilation and accommodation, where assimilation is the process of using or transforming the environment so that it butt end be placed in preexisting cognitive structures, while accomodation is the process of changing cognitive structures in order to accept something from the environment (Huitt & Hummer, 2003) and (3) constructivist learning, which explains that the learning is mostly dependent on the bookman and the teacher.It is the learner who interacts with his or her environment and thus gains an understanding of its features and characteristics (Thanasoulas, 2003). Some traits of Piagets Cognitive Development Theory are similar to other developmental theories take on the following (1) it summarizes the developmental process into stages (2) it talks about a childs needs and the importance of gratification and (3) it emphasizes the role of the parents/guardians in a childs development. However, certain characteristics of this theory make it unique and different from other developmental theories.These characteristics are as follows (1) it focuses on mental development only (2) it looks at the cognitive development not salutary as a series of several stages exactly also as a process as a square and (3) it does not look at the other factors, such as the social and emotional aspect of a childs development. discipline Perspective accessible tuition Theory Among other theorists, Albert Bandura is considered as the leading proponent of this theory. According to J. E. Ormrod (1999), Social Learning Theory keeps its focus on the learning that occurs within a social context.This is means that race tend to learn done observation and modeling. This theory also proposes that learning is still possible to occur even without a change in behavior. This is b ecause according to social psychologists, a person can learn through observation alone, and this may not manifest in ones actions. The theory also states that learning becomes possible through cognition that is, prediction of future rewards or punishments has a great effect on how a person behaves (Ormrod, 1999).In summary, the three main concepts of Banduras Social Learning theory are (1) learning through observation and modeling, where batch learn easily through observation and imitating another individuals behavior (2) cognition as a major factor of learning, which refers to an individuals knowledge absorption, analysis, and processing and (3) self-efficacy, which refers to how people feel, think, motivate themselves, and behave. Such beliefs upgrade these diverse effects through four major processes (Bandura, 1994).Banduras Social Learning appears to be similar to other theories as it (1) focuses on mental and learning process (2) emphasize the role of parents/guardians in a c hilds development and (3) mentions about the significance of reinforcements in learning. However, this theory also differs from other theory because it (1) emphasizes on modeling as a form of learning (2) deals with self-efficacy and (3) centers on the stages of the learning process rather than on the development process as a whole.Humanistic Perspective Self Actualization and power structure of Needs This theory is proposed by Carl Rogers. He explained through this theory that comely like animals, plants, and other organisms, human beings have that natural urge to spread out and survive (Boeree, 2007). This theory also emphasizes the importance of substantiative regard and positive self-regard in the process of growing up which, he says, may eventually lead a person to accomplish his or her full potential and worththe full functionality of a person.In summary, the three main concepts of Rogers constitution theory are (1) self actualization which is concerned with the awareness or realization of ones identity which helps to draw his/her utmost capabilities and potentials (2) positive self-regard, which, just like self esteem and self confidence, helps build up an individuals trust in his/herself that s/he can do anything that s/he endeavors and (3) fully functioning persona person who achieved self actualization and consistently has positive self-regard. Rogers Personality theory has characteristics that are similar to other developmental theories.These similarities include the following (1) it sees people only as grievous, healthy, well, or ill (2) it perceives mental health as a normal progression in life and (3) it is person-centered (Boeree, 2007 Pescitelli, 1996). However, this theory has features that make it different from other developmental theories. These features include (1) it is relatively simple (2) it looks at cognitive development, not as a series of several stages but also as a process as a whole and (3) it does not take into consideratio n other factors such as the social and emotional aspect of a childs development.Importance of Understanding the Developmental Theories in Helping Children Reach Their Potential All new innate(p) children need and deserve the attention, love, and support from their parents. However, the support and the care do not actually stop at that period of life rather, it has only just begun. The most important period when a child needs comme il faut care and guidance is during his/her early years. It is during this time when various factors, both privileged (e. g. , thought processes) and external (e. g. , family), shape the personality of the child and what s/he can become (Day, 2008).It is also during this stage that children find their identitywho they motivation to be in the society and how they want to be treated as a person. In this development process, the cognitive, visible, and emotional aspects of a child are interrelated in a way that each one affects the childs overall developm ent in various ways. The cognitive aspect of a childs development is directly connected to the other two since it is the mental processes which govern the rest of an individuals activities and behavior.The physical aspect on the other hand is important to be positive properly since the physical capacities and limitations of an individual depend to that. Lastly, the emotional aspect also poses significance in a childs development since this provide determine how strong and how weak shall this person be in transaction with personal and social emotional issues in the future. Thus, the parents cannot just focus on one aspect of development rather, these three aspects mustiness be interpreted into consideration and must be given proper attention.In addition to this, a growing child is more vulnerable and more fragile compared to adults. For this reason, children must receive proper guidance in order for them to become good and useful members of the society. Through the theories discus sed in this paper, it can be concluded that a childs development is never as simple as gaining height and weight. It is not as plain as learning to relieve and read better through the days spent in school.In the process, the parents and the childs environment actually mold him/her into a person who can reach his/her greatest potentials. If parents neglect or fail in this obligation, issues and problems may arise regarding a childs attitude, behavior, and capabilities later on when s/he grows as an adult. Hence, just like a butterflys metamorphosis, parents want their children to grow with the most beautiful and strongest wings possible that is, through understanding these developmental theories.ReferencesBandura, A. (1994). Self-efficacy. In V. S. Ramachaudran (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Human Behavior (Vol. 4, pp. 71-81). untested York Academic Press. (Reprinted in H. Friedman Ed., Encyclopedia of Mental Health. San Diego Academic Press, 1998)Boeree, C.G. (2007). Carl Rogers 1902-1987 . Personality Theories. Retrieved October16, 2008 from http//www.social-psychology.de/do/pt_rogers.pdfClifton, A. and Davis, D., Psychosocial Theory Erikson, Haverford College. RetrievedOctober 15, 2008 fromhttp//www.haverford.edu/psych/ddavis/p109g/erikson.stages.htmlDay, A. (2008). Why understanding your childs personality is so important. Helium.Retrieved October 16, 2008 from http//www.helium.com/items/942762-why-understanding-your-childs-personality-is-so-importantInstitute of Human Thermodynamics. (2005, December 26). Freuds Psychodynamic Theoryand Thermodynamics 1873-1923. Retrieved October 15, 2008 from http//www.humanthermodynamics.com/Freud.htmlHuitt, W., & Hummel, J. (2003). Piagets theory of cognitive development.Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA Valdosta State University.retrieved October 15, 2008 from http//chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/col/cogsys/piaget.htmlOrmrod, J.E. (1999). Human Learning (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J. Prentice Hall.Pescitelli, D. (1996). An Analysis of Carl Rogers Theory of Personality.TelfordHypnotherapy. Retrieved October 16, 2008 from http//www.telfordhypnotherapy.co.uk/An%20Analysis%20of%20Carl%20Rogers.docPreisser, G. (1997). Theories and research. Developmental Psychology Student Net Letter,Mesa Community College. Retrieved October 15, 2008 from http//www.mc.maricopa.edu/dept/d46/psy/dev/Fall98/Theories/theories.htmlThanasoulas, D. (2003). Constructivist Learning. Center for Southeast Asian StudiesNorthern Illinois University. Retrieved October 18, 2008 fromhttp//www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/Teachers_Page/Language_Learning_Articles/constructivist_learning.htmSyque. (2008). Freuds psychosexual stage theory. Changing Minds. Retrieved October 15,2008 from http//changingminds.org/explanations/learning/freud_stage.htm

For the Triumph of Time

search how the poet makes vivid his feelings of loss in the poem. A. C Swinburne intelligently directs the readers of his poem towards his suffer thoughts by naming his piece From The Triumph of cartridge holder. The poet effectively creates a contrast within deuce ideas Time itself triumphing by taking remote a fill outd one, or Swinburnes own triumph of existence capcapable of healing his grief and wounds passim the passing of time. Making unreciprocated love and the separation of two souls perfect for each other two very important themes in the poem.Swinburne uses the ottava rima to structure his poem, following the bod of abab, moreover this structure is misplaced in the inaugural stanza following a pattern of ababccab. We can see how the poet has thoughtfully arranged his ideas in this structure to recognize her soul mate. Even though he is trying to arrange his ideas, we genius that he has a lack of clarity since he has failed to structure it perfectly, effectivel y enactment his feeling of desesperation and grief since he is not able to debate clearly.Swinburne decided to give his poem a type of rhyme which do it have a slow rhythm, creating a very sorrowful tone, mountain it at the very start of the poem. A. C Swinburne was seen as very sacred important figure, but his feelings of faith are not foreshadowed in the poem, creating a very big contradiction, since he does not see his faith as any type of help when going through the loss of the charr she loved. Before our lives divide for ever, at the very start of the first stanza the poet strictly states that they will never be together again, even though his religion believes that he will be able to encounter her in heaven once dead Swinburne does not see this as an option, he believes that once they have been separated their lives divide for ever contradicting the idea of utter(a) serenity in heaven with her loved one.By stating that time is with us and stool are free the poet creat es an image of his hands universe tied, not world able of doing anything creating a feeling of impotence as he cannot reach out to join her soul mate. Swinburne tries to explain the different stages of their descent throughout the use of imagery and metaphor in the second stanza, making the readers typeset in the poets situation, therefore being much easier to comprehend his thought and pain. Time shall not sever us wholly in twain, portraying time as a brutal weapon, the poet sees time as being a shower that will not be able to revoke their eternal love. But we can also perceive the metaphor of their relationship portrayed as a harvest, and how their problems have been piling up, and not even a dreadful shower can be able to wash the bad experiences away, meaning that even though the outside of their love has been cleansed by the rain, it is still tarnished in the inside, but only them two know.

Us History Exam notes

An area in loving life, Independent of government where Informed citizens can come together and establish and Influence political action, a domain that used to be only if for political figures and upper society. What were the major components of the domain sphere In colonial North America? The public sphere expanded with the raising of literacy range and the view that participating in politics and reading was fashionable. Some of the influences were many coffee shops and pubs, lots of bookshops, Boston Newsletter, first continuously published newspaper.Which proterozoic American stands come out for his contributions? Benjamin Franklin What were his three major contributions to the growth of the public sphere? Editing the Pennsylvania Gazette which was considered the best edited, fixing the Junta, a forum for mutual Improvement and for discussion about politics, and the Library club of Philadelphia which was the flirt establishment of circulating literature. What component of freedom was essential to the establishment and growth of the public sphere? Freedom of expression. Which famous libel psychometric test demonstrated that this freedom was becoming ingrained in he prevalent imagination? 735 Publisher Zinger brought up on charge of libel against the governor, job him corrupt, and after he showed evidence that the governor was corrupt he was found not guilty. This showed the public that the truth will always win. Columbian exchange- transatlantic flow of goods W E tomatoes, potatoes, cotton, tobacco, corn E W sugarcane, rice. Horses, pigs, sheep low Legend- Based on Lass Cases book shows image of Spain as unequivocally brutal and exploitative colonizer, gives other countries Justification to colonize, challenge Spains old cut and Dutch are what kind of empires?Commercial, looking for trading, gold and the Northwest departure England Is what kind of empire? Colonizing, Individual men looking for land, and through the stubbornness of land, freedom and bring them back to the home country to make it wealthier, not focusing on colonization or trade Northwest Passage- street to Asia through N America English colonization begins with Jamestown in 1607 by Virginia Company 5 Attributes to English Freedom 1. King subject to endure of law (Magna Cart) 2. Security of persons and property 3. Habeas corpus- cannot be held indefinitely w/out charge 4.Right to face your accuser 5. Right to trial by Jury mercantilism There is always a winner and a loser in trade, best to be the person with money, exports should always exceed imports Virginia- tobacco in Chesapeake region, swampy Pennsylvania- Religious freedom for Quakers, no slavery Georgia- meant to be a refuge for the English poor, became large slave owning plantation state, rice and colored Carolinas Indigo and Rice Rhode Island and New Jersey- religious freedom Massachusetts- formed with lord Plymouth colony.

Personal Value Reconciliation

Personal Value Reconciliation Michael Piers litigate 1, 2010 CMGT 350 I. T. Organization Behavior Mark Paxton The process of changing our thoughts, manner, determine and ethical motive in a global setting is how we reconcile and as a result, con practice to a socially genuine standard. This is often called normative behavior we act according to the appropriateness of conduct deemed satisfactory to a limited mathematical group. The rules of acceptable conduct are dependent on the setting what is proper(a) and wrong or socially acceptable depends greatly on the value of the people (and their respective culture) involved.As a result, the reconciliation of personal values is just becoming consistent with the actions, thoughts, behavior, values and ethics of our peers, parents, teachers, etc. The liveliness of this paper is to discuss the aforementioned compliance of personal values as they are adapted to a particular setting. fit in to the Concise Corsini encyclopedia of Psych ology and behavioral Science, behavioral manikining plays a large power in our education the difference between what is or is not accepted is analyseed through modeling.Much human learning occurs from sitting and watching, or from just happening to notice what someone else is doing. Indeed, more social learning occurs from observing others than from physically or verbally interacting and experiencing positive or prejudicious outcomes. Observation provides information about what may be learned (alternative behaviors, possible consequences, etc. ). When observation occurs under the right circumstances, it can result in immediate changes to learning or performance.Modeling consists of an illustrator and an observer, in which the observer has been influenced by the illustrator. The encyclopedia states that this sheath of learning has been widely applied, across numerous areas, resulting in learning or performance modification. Therefore, as thinking and reasoning beings, we lear n vicariously whether our behaviors are acceptable or not through pen or unspoken consensus, we conform. In 1971, Philip Zimbardo a Stanford University psychology professor conducted a very telling experiment in the basement of the psychology department.According to Zimbardo, The purpose was to understand the development of norms and the effects of roles, labels, and social expectations in a simulated prison environment. What Zimbardo discovered, among other results, was that the students who acted as guards demonstrated (through their assumed roles) a mildly sadistic shift in behavior. Further that the guards exacerbated and encouraged such(prenominal) behavior. In the aforementioned example, the behavior of the guards is likened to mob behavior a type of herd mentality in which a group acts in consistency sometimes losing sight of their understood correctness of behavior.Oxford Psychologist Henri Tajfel coined groupness for tendency of various animals, including humans, to for m in-groupsand to protect their group from outsides and from outside influences. Often group mentality, in which volume opinion rules, can force compliance through the desire to avert conflict. As a result, there are numerous examples of failures in assessment because of this mind-set religious wars, Salem witch trials, the space shuttle disasters, practice of law brutality, etc. According to Tony Robbins, pain and pleasure are the two major motivators that incite people to action.Therefore, to stimulate a desired change, one merely needs to assign more of one motivator than the other. In the forgo circumstance, if the avoidance of conflict outweighs the need to be accepted in a group, then the obvious inclination results in an action avoiding conflict. In a physiological sense, many organisms involuntarily adapt to changes in their environment the chameleon changes color, plants track the sun across the sky to gain photosynthesis efficiencies and many creatures sustenance within the various ecosystems on earth modify their behaviors as a survival technique.As humans, the means to a compatible coexistence is our baron to adapt. This ability or trait provides for the success of humans in a group setting. We reconcile our values and ethics as a survival technique. We model others, learning vicariously, act as a herd following or succumbing to consensus, and are guided by fear. In religion we are taught to adjust the rules or suffer the damnation. Therefore, we learn to adapt or become an friendless to society. ? Works CitedBehavioral Modeling. (2004). In The Concise Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology and Behavioral Science. Retrieved from http//www. credoreference. com/entry/wileypsych/behavioral_modeling Gonzales, L. (2008, October). Mob Mentality. National Geographic Adventure, p. 28. Retrieved from MasterFILE Premier database. STANFORD PRISON EXPERIMENT. (2007). In Dictionary of Prisons and Punishment. Retrieved from http//www. credoreference. com /entry/willandpp/stanford_prison_experiment

Columbus vs. de Las Casas

In the textbook of Bartolome de las Casas From The Very legal brief Relation of the Devastation of the Indies, de la Casas said This was the first land in the tender World to be done for(p) and depopulated by the Christians, and hither they began their subjection of the women and children, taking them away from the Indians to use them and ill use them, eating the food they provided with their sweat and toil. Base on this saying we can client his thought about the New World and its inhabitants, he explains how the Spaniards have behaved and acting, killing, terrorizing, afflicting, torturing, and destroying the autochthonous tidy sums, doing alone this with the strangest and most varied new methods of cruelty, never chaffern or hear of before. De las Casas think this new world was the first one to be devastated destroyed and earmarked by imperialist and colonialist Spaniards. capital of Ohios letters we can see the arrogance he possessed in claiming the islands he found.In hi s letter describing his findings to his king, he wrote, And there I found very many islands fill up with people innumerable and of them all I have taken self-possession for their Highnesses. Columbus never stopped to consider that these islands were not his to take, nor were the people that be them. He simply took over these lands, even going so farthermost as to rename them all. His first sight of what he termed Indians was of a root word of attractive, unclothed people. Speculation is that, to him, their nakedness represented a lack of culture, customs, and religion.Columbus saw this as an opportunity to spread the word of God, while at the same considering how they could possibly be exploited. He believed that they would be easy to conquer because they appeared defenseless, easy to trick because they lacked experience in trade, and an easy source of internet because they could be enslaved. It obviously did not occur to Columbus to consider these people in any terms aside f rom that of master and slave. Columbus thinks that New World could be well adapted for the working of the gold mines and for all kinds of commerce.