Saturday, December 28, 2019

Carl Jung s Theory That All Individuals Fall Into One Of...

Carl Jung had a theory that all individuals fall into one of two categories, Introversion or Extraversion. This is based off of an individual s general attitude towards the outside world. Introverted individuals are usually more reserved, quiet and keep to themselves, while extroverted individuals are outgoing, loud or social. The Jung Typology test also characterizes individuals in 3 different categories: Sensing or iNtuition (their perceptions), Thinking or Feeling (how decisions are made), and Judging or Perceiving (how one implements the information). There is a total of 16 different combinations to create the personality profiles. These four categories are also known as dichotomies. Dichotomy is a difference between two opposite things (Merriam-Webster). After answering 72 yes or no questions at humanmetrics.com, my Jung Typology results were type ISFJ. Type ISFJ is Introvert, Sensing, Feeling and Judging. My boyfriend, Kevin, took the exact same test and his Jung Typolo gy results were type INTJ. Type INTJ is Introvert, iNtuitive, Thinking, and Judging. The results also gave the percentage of what our results are over the alternative. According to the descriptions ISFJs are characterized above all by their desire to serve others, their need to be needed. In extreme cases, this need is so strong that the standard give-and-take relationships are deeply unsatisfying to them. (Humanmetrics). The description for INTJs is they may appear to projectShow MoreRelatedNeo Analytic And Ego Aspects Of Personality Theory Essay1536 Words   |  7 Pagesmakes us who we are has created several different theories of personality. One of the eight aspects of personalities reviewed in this personality theory course is Neo-analytic and Ego Aspect approach to personality theory. The Neo-analytic approach which was derived from a revision to psychoanalytical theory, contains a basic concept of a multi-faceted personality theory, provides beneficial current day app lications and does not encourage individuals to turn away from their spiritual faith. The originsRead MoreEssay on Theory Outline2011 Words   |  9 PagesTheory Outline Tiffany Woods PCN-500 August 8, 2012 Theory Outline 1. Theory: Psychoanalytical Theory a. Key Concepts i. There is a focus on unconscious psychodynamics. ii. Individuals pay attention to repressed information. iii. In therapy, the therapist and client work to build the ego to moderate ID and superego. iv. The client works on establishing transference. He/she will tell the counselor what has caused the difficulties and the therapistRead MorePersonality, Psychology, And Psychology1929 Words   |  8 Pagesdetermined. To discover the basics of how one would determine personality psychologically, it is important to understand the basics of what psychology is and what personality is. According to the urban dictionary psychology is the scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behavior in a given context. The urban dictionary defines personality as the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual s distinctive character. These characteristicsRead MoreThe Personality Typologies Of Carl Gustav Essay1951 Words   |  8 PagesPersonality Typologies Carl Gustav Young had quite an interesting mind. He believed that while he was growing up, his mother had to different personalities. Shortly after, he began to believe he was more than one person. He felt that he was both the child he actually was as well as a wise old man. Jung had a lonely childhood. He was the only surviving child of his parents and when he wasn’t dealing with their completely opposite personalities, he was being left out when all the kids in school playedRead MorePersonality Theories And Trait Theories2232 Words   |  9 Pagestraits and types are consistent across different situations. At least two of these assumptions are so problematic that they challenge the very existence of Personality. Critically evaluate this statement. Personality, a word first coined in the C14th, has so broad a meaning that its definition varies significantly depending on which theoretical approach or method of classification it is being used for. To the average individual, their personality is simply what guides and forms their emotions, cognitionsRead MoreThe Test For Critique : Frank Parsons1873 Words   |  8 Pagesmanagement course is the Personality testing that has effected these industries, as part of job-interview processes, and, increasingly, in career counseling. I ve been reading and learning about Myer Brigg theories for 3-4 years now, and the validity is hard to come to grips with. The theories, seem to make sense, but the test is not scientific. For example, I scored as an ISTJ the first time I took the test, then after an INTJ. Now, the INTJ is apparently rare among the population, so I found itRead MoreCompare and Contrast1582 Words   |  7 PagesKatharine C. Myers Briggs and Isabel Briggs. There are now seve ral different versions of the test available. Form M, which contains 93 items, is the most commonly used. The Myers-Briggs inventory is based on Carl Jung s theory of types, outlined in his 1921 work Psychological Types. Jung s theory holds that human beings are either introverts or extraverts, and their behavior follows from these inborn psychological types. He also believed that people take in and process information different ways, basedRead MoreAn Individuals Personality Based On The Jungian Theory Of Psychological Archetypes2324 Words   |  10 PagesAs individuals each of us believe ourselves to be unique compared to others, but what if we are not as unique as we think? Based on the Jungian theory Katherine Cook Briggs and her daughter Isabel Myers Briggs developed a test that would distinguish an individual’s personality based on the 16 different personalities they believe exist. For the duration of this paper we will provide more information on the MBTI as well as go into analysis of its validity and reliability in relation to its utilityRead MoreThe History and Application of Personality Testing in the Workplace1971 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿ We’ve all had some experience with personality testing in one way or another. Since the beginning of the twentieth century personality testing and psychological assessments have been a staple in the recruitment and selection processes in all manner of position. Be it high level executives down to janitors, no candidate is immune to what has become a trusted and normal practice in recruiting. There is currently a long-standing debate among HR professionals and sociologists alikeRead MoreLearning Styles And How Each Individual Has A Dominant Way Of Learning1846 Words   |  8 Pagestopic under discussion within this paper is that of learning styles and how each individual has a dominant way of learning. There are many types of ,learning styles which are being discussed throughtout the paper and the succussfulness of these theories. There is also a reflective account to the learning styles presentation and how effective this was within a group, presented through kolbs learning style cycle. Section one Learning styles is a way of identifying the learner’s preference in how they

Friday, December 20, 2019

Seaworld Orca s Confinement - 921 Words

SeaWorld: Orca’s Confinement Imagine living life in a space as confined as your bathtub; now imagine being a subject to public entertainment and being forced to perform to earn your food. This is what SeaWorld is doing to its orca whales. The captivity of orca whales at SeaWorld is something that the world will never agree on. Some people think that orca whales being held captive will not result in an unhealthy life, while others can certainly say differently. SeaWorld is more concerned about ticket sales and the money lining their pocket than they are about the treating these amazing creatures humanely. They find ways to justify their ill hearted decisions, choosing to look the other way as the orcas are clearly damaged from living in captivity. As orca whales live in captivity, one is bound to question what the long term effects of living in such a confined space will be. Is it enjoyable and safe, or are the orcas just another pawn in someone’s game of chess? SeaWorld claims on its website that â€Å"at SeaWorld, the whales live in safe, sophisticated habitats, receive world-class medical care and are continually engaged socially, mentally and physically (â€Å"SeaWorld Cares†)†. However, evidence contradicts these statements. Former whale trainer Samantha Berg says â€Å"SeaWorld is simply making money through the exploitation of orcas†. SeaWorld is a money driven company, imprisoning the whales in an unhealthy and unnatural habitat. In their own environment, orca whales are veryShow MoreRelatedSeaworld s Opening, Confinement Of Orcas1305 Words   |  6 Pagesprimates that human are, would you be okay with confinement and being separated for a life time from loved ones? For many years anima l rights organizations have found an issue with a brilliant animal, like Orca whales, being restrained solely for entertainment and revenue purposes. Those fighting for the rights of animals have mainly placed their attention toward a family entertainment company recognized as SeaWorld. Since their opening in March of 1964, SeaWorld has become well-known for being an aquaticRead MoreSeaworld, California And Virginia1582 Words   |  7 Pages(Krushel 1). This number will only continue to rise if SeaWorld does not stop capturing orcas. SeaWorld is an aquarium theme park that has locations in San Diego, Florida, Texas and Virginia. The park has orca shows where the whales perform on a regular basis and receive much controversy. It is revolting that people still find enjoyment in watching these sophisticated mammals do tricks in a concrete environment. Though many believe that parks like SeaWorld are necessary for educational purposes, they needRead MoreThe Killer Whales Have Been Capt ured From The Wild And Taken Into Captivity Essay1744 Words   |  7 Pagestaken into captivity. Orcas are exceedingly intelligent and affectionate. For instance, in their natural habitat orcas remain with their families their entire lives hunting and swimming hundreds of miles daily. Each pod of orcas has a different dialect and set of rituals while being immensely family-oriented. In captivity, these brilliant animals are forced into a concrete pool and coerced into performing circus acts. Once the pursue for killer whales began the smallest orcas were ripped away fromRead MoreOrcas Are The Largest Member Of The Dolphin Family And The Top Predator2151 Words   |  9 PagesJessica Kende English 1030 Abusement Park Orcas are actually the largest member of the dolphin family and the top predator in the marine environment. â€Å"Spanish whalers called Orcas ‘whale killers’ after observing them hunt in packs, killing or overcoming marine mammals, including whales† (STW - Killer Whale). Somehow, their name got turned around to what we name them today; killer whales. However, no accurate report exists of Orcas in the wild killing humans. Orcas are well known for their black shinyRead MoreIs Captivity Capacious Or Confining?1542 Words   |  7 Pagesquestion the well-being of orcas in captivity. An in-depth analysis on the captivity of orcas reveals that there is growing opposition in regards to captivity conditions and practices that must be addressed by orca captors, in order to, combat opposition from activists and scientists who are supporting an end to orca captivity. Every year, millions of visitors are attracted to marine parks around the world to witness killer whales swimming and socializing with other orcas and trainers, a sight thatRead MoreThe Out Of The Enclosures, Into The Wild : Compromising Animal Rights Essay1911 Words   |  8 PagesCompromising Animal Rights Recently SeaWorld has come under a significant amount of scrutiny in regards to their orca whale program. Their whales have become increasingly aggressive over the years, hurting and even killing their trainers. SeaWorld and other facilities like it claim that they have these programs in order to conserve species and save them from extinction, but is the damage to the mental and physical well-being of these animals worth it? Orcas are considered highly intelligent andRead MoreDeath And Tragedy Of Seaworld1728 Words   |  7 PagesHurry up, come on down, and take a trip to one of Orlando, Florida’s most famous theme parks, SeaWorld! Grab your friends, family, kids and neighbors to peer in on SeaWorld’s most prized possession†¦ Shamu, a spectacular look on an Orca whale’s magnificence as you watch them fly, loop, and dive through the air into the nearly oceanic waters†¦ this is what they want you to think anyway. Behind SeaWorld’s thick, poorly p atched walls, lies a blanket that cascades over all the dark lies and secrets. ARead MoreSeaworld As A Standard Bathtub1455 Words   |  6 PagesTheme Parks such as SeaWorld confine dolphins and orcas, who are capable of swimming up to more than one hundred miles a day, in tank that are 50 feet deep and 350 feet in length. To put it in perspective, that’s equivalent to the size of a standard bathtub. SeaWorld portrays itself as a loving, fun, and family based establishment; however, certain activities can harm the killer whales emotionally and physically. Orcas are forced to live in tight quarters together; they have nowhere to escape conflictRead MoreStop Keeping Killer Whales Captive For Entertainment1667 Words   |  7 Pagesand soak their brightly colored rain ponchos. The excitement radiates from their faces as they watch one orca after another perform tricks they’ve only ever dreamed about. However, one look inside the tank of these incredible creatures and one will find unhappiness and despair. The whales used for entertainment at SeaWorld are held captive, in concrete tanks similar to the size of these children s bathtubs at home. These conditions may seem harmless on the surface, but there are multiple underlyingRead MoreBlackfish as a Platform for Animal Rights Essay1438 Words   |  6 PagesBrancheau made national news back in 2010. Dawn was working as an orca trainer at the SeaWorld of Orlando when the tragic accident occurred. While doing a relationship session with Tilikum, the largest orca in captivity, Dawn wa s pulled into the water and drowned. It was a story that not only shocked the nation but left people wondering how something so horrible could happen. Gabriela Cowperthwaite‘s use of the accounts of retired SeaWorld trainers exposed the harsh reality of captured animals in her

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Enhancement Of The Customer Relations †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Enhancement Of The Customer Relations. Answer: Introduction Customer relation and customer behaviour has a significant role to play in the enhancement of business in any sector. With the advent of technology, onlinemarketing needs to be incorporated, in order to gain the confidence and loyalty of the online customers. This assignment highlights the article by Al-Fadly (2016) that sheds light upon the increase of market share and customer loyalty, by using the Internet technology as well as e-commerce models. The findings of the article are summarized, along with the evaluation of two other relevant articles, focusing on the same sector of study. The Omani market is evaluated and the influence of e-commerce in customer retention and achieving customer loyalty has been mentioned. Conclusion along with few recommendations has been added for further enhancement of the customer relations. The significance of the customer relation and customer behavior has been evaluated in this assignment. Summary of the article The article by Al-Fadly (2016), aims to offer perspectives in the execution of e-business strategies, focusing on customer satisfaction and achievement of customer loyalty with the incorporation of e-commerce. The article focuses on the case study of Kuwait Airways and Jazeera Airways (Al-Fadly 2016). This article highlights that a good website and effective e-commerce is able to enhance the customer base of the Airlines companies. The sustainability of both these airlines is evaluating, thus highlighting the significance of the use of e-commerce in order to retain the loyal customers. Kuwait Airways is the national airlines of Kuwait, which is heading towards privatization. With the increase in the competition from the local economic Airlines, the need for the use of e-commerce has increased, in order to retain the loyal customers, along with refraining them to chose the other Airlines (Al-Fadly 2016). In order to ensure that Kuwait Airlines remains in the strong competitive advantages, the Airlines have launched its own web portal. This initiative was an important one, helping the Airlines distinguish itself from the other websites. The website offered a wide range of services such as shipment tracking, baggage tracking, and flight schedules, providing promotions, follow-up on the holiday offers as well as access to the Oasis Club information (Al-Fadly 2016). These wide ranges of services ensure the company being distinguished from the other competitor airlines. One of the major goals of that is set by the Kuwait Airlines is to re-establish a network of attractin g huge number of customers, with the facilities that are provided by the newly launched website of the Kuwait Airlines. The Airlines ensures the attraction of passengers from more than 46 countries, all over the world (Al-Fadly 2016). The information about the passengers, the rates of the air tickets, the market fluctuations, and delay in the flights are obtained from the website. Moreover, Kuwait Airways have outsourced the customer care to the call centers in order to handle interaction with the customers successfully (Al-Fadly 2016). Moreover, the facilities such as online ticket purchasing, online reservation system facilitates the passengers to book their tickets as per their convenience. Effective e-commerce and online marketing have a key role to play in enhancing the customer base, along with attracting more customers. The facilities of optimised timings of booking the tickets and getting timely updates of any changes in the schedule of the flights, that are provided by website ensure customer loyalty (Al-Fadly 2016). With the wide use of the Internet technology, the e-commerce sites have provided an excellent opportunity for the Airlines companies to remain strong in the competitive advantages. The customer relationship is also enhanced by the incorporation of the e-commerce sites. The customer service executives are able to track the concerns of the customers easily, thus resulting in prompt responses to the queries of the customers and frequent flyers (Al-Fadly 2016). Along with Kuwait Airways, Jazeera Airways also experienced enhanced sale and customers with the incorporation of the online portal. Jazeera Airways is the only privately owned airlines in the Middle East. The low fare of the fight was designed to attract tourists and customers, along with the provision of high quality in-flight services (Al-Fadly 2016). The online system of Jazeera Airways enhanced the functionalities and customer accessibilities. The primary aim of the Cleartrip website of Jazeera Airways is to ensure the easy booking of the flights along with providing a single point of contact with the customers (Al-Fadly 2016). Hence, the customer service issues that the Airlines faced earlier were completely mitigated with the incorporation of e-commerce and the online reservation portals. The article mainly focused on the secondary type of research methods that focuses on analyzing the case studies of Kuwati and Jazeera Airways along with that of the online travel market. The secondary data has been collected as a part of the research methodology that has helped to understand the market value of the e-business models. The methods have been applied to the major airline industry that will help in understanding the level of customer satisfaction. The aspects of the customer relationship management are also analyzed with the help of the research methods. This is believed to be one of the prime aspects of the e-business model that is also one of the prime deciding factors of the level of customer satisfaction. The main findings of the study are the factors within the airline industry that is affecting the business and competitive environment. The findings suggest about the factors like the features of the companys website that is crucial in deciding upon the level of customer satisfaction. Development in the information economy is a crucial factor that has helped on to decide the factors of the business strategy. This is also one of the major concerns about the overall process of business development. One of the major concerns is also due to the lack of awareness among the business owners about the appropriate business model that can be applied to the web designs. There is also one of the major concerns about the risk that exists due to competition between the suppliers. From the findings, it is clear that this can have major impact on the quality of service that is provided to the customers. There is also a growing concern about the uncertainty about the use of the technology that is related to the software used in the KAC website. The workers within the organization also lack the ability to work with the technology that is needed to operate the e-commerce forms of business. All these reasons that are the major findings of the research prevent the KAC to improve upon their level of customer service. From the findings that have highlighted the technical issues related to that lack of skills among the workers. Hence, it is recommended that the workers should be given proper training in the skills related to software learning ability. From the findings of the study, it is clear that well developed website can be one of the major advantages of all the process related to the business. Hence, it is highly recommended by the airline industry to focus on the technological infrastructure and thereby able to develop upon the e-commerce business sections. Evaluation of the article using other articles The article by Effendi and Alfina (2014) is in support with the article by Al-Fadly (2016). This study highlights the case study of Air Asia and Lion Air websites. The Air Asia is dedicated to providing the customers with low-cost travel to the customers and frequent flyers (Laudon and Traver 2013). This airline operates mainly in Asia, providing the customers with good in-house facilities (Effendi and Alfina 2014). The website of Air Asia and Lion Air websites have resulted in the increase in the sale of the air tickets, along with helping the customers to get in touch with the Airlines officials (Ater and Orlov 2015). The e-commerce sites promote the airlines brands and help to attract more customers (Effendi and Alfina 2014). The business of the airline's companies increases, thus ensuring the success of the brands. Air Asia is one of the cheapest flying options that is provided to the customers especially for the business Travellers and the frequent flyers. Even though the price of the tickets are low Expectations of the customers are same as that of the high priced Airlines (Effendi and Alfina 2014). Hence it is important that Air Asia along with helping the Travellers to travel at a low price attract customers and ensure various services that are expected from an Airline (Effendi and Alfina 2014). In order to ensure the same, a user friendly web portal is important. The Travellers are able to check out the prices of the tickets, along with opting for meal and other services online. This is helpful in promoting Air Asia and helping it to compete with the popular Airlines such as Thai Airways Singapore Airlines and other private airlines. The article by Gasson (2013) highlights the various challenges that are faced by the Airlines industry. The major challenges include the lack of customer loyalty, customer dissatisfaction, and deflection of the customers to the competitor Airlines (Hanke 2016). These issues are mitigated by the incorporation of effective websites and e-commerce sites (Gasson 2013). The customer interactions are clarified, along with the effective management of the online customers. The customers are able to purchase the tickets, track their luggage, check their PNR status and remain informed of the changes in schedule or discounts and promotions (Gasson 2013). With the enhancement in the lifestyle of the people and lack of time, the need for online purchase of the tickets and e-commerce services has become essential (Gasson 2013). These services are time saving, along with ensuring remote tracking from geographically remote locations. The passengers are able to block the choice of the seats through w eb check-in and also chose the choice of food that they refer in-flight (Gasson 2013). Thus, the entire processes of customer services are enhanced, thus ensuring customer satisfaction. Hence, the chosen articles conclude that e-commerce has a key role to play in ensuring the success of the Airlines industry (Heizer 2016). Moreover, successful mitigation of the issues of customer services is also seen in the use of the e-commerce sites. Evaluation of the Omani market The Omani market is a fast-growing marketplace with a large consumer base and high competition. The large consumer base refers to a variety of demands among the customers in order to fulfill the demands of each customer. Moreover, with high competition among the various Airlines operating in Oman, each of them tries to remain at the top of the competitive ladder (Akamavi et al. 2015). This leads to high competition among the various airlines ensuring the growth of each of them. The consumer behavior has to be influenced such that the customers could be retained successfully (Belobaba et al. 2015). Branding has a major role to play in business. The consumers are often brand conscious and tend to retain particular airlines (Chen et al. 2016). Thus, it is important that the Airlines companies are well equipped with various facilities to be provided to the customers. The in-flight luxury, along with catering to the needs of the customers has a major role to play in ensuring customer sati sfaction and customer retention (Belobaba et al. 2015). The Omani market is highly competitive (Hapsari et al. 2017). Hence, it is important that the Airlines companies work diligently and incorporate the use of high technology in order to remain in competitive advantages in the highly competitive market. The Omani market provides a good opportunity for the development of business and ensures the success of business of various sectors. The Omani market provides strong competition among the various airline companies, thus ensuring business growth. Hence, it is important that the various Airlines companies operating in Oman upgrade the technology they use and equip themselves with highly efficient online reservation portals and websites, thus promoting e-commerce. Conclusion and recommendations Thus, it could be concluded that the incorporation of e-commerce in the airline's industry is essential and important. The above articles highlight the importance of the use of e-commerce in the Airlines industry. With the advent of the Internet, it has become essential to incorporate e-commerce in the Airlines industry. The websites of the Airlines are important to ensure customer satisfaction and retain the customers. The e-commerce sites ensure that the customers are able to book their tickets, track the luggage, and check any changes in the schedule of the flight, with a click. Moreover, the customers stay updated with the use of the e-commerce in the airline's industry. The use of e-commerce in the airline's industry has enhanced the sale of the tickets along with attracting customers. With the launch of the web portal by Kuwait Airways, the airlines have experienced significant increase in the number of customers resulting from the ease of use online web portal. Facilities prov ided by the website include web checking, luggage tracking using from a variety of meal and other in-flight services. However, some recommendations need to be made in order to ensure that the entire airline industry is facilitated by the use of e-commerce. The frequent flyers and customers should be made aware of the advantages that the web portals of the airline's company provide. This will encourage them to use the services more often does promote website. This is also a time saving process for the customers and the frequent flyers saving the effort of calling the customer care service of the airline industry. In order to promote the use of e-commerce, the airline companies could provide discount on the flight tickets and some complementary services for the passengers to book the tickets online and away the online services. This will be a promotion as well as an encouragement for the customers to use the e-commerce sites of the airline's companies. Moreover, discount could be offered to the frequent flyer does ensure that the fly with the luxury Airlines such as Kuwait Airways rather than choosing a cheaper option. Hence it could be concluded that it is important to ensure successful e-commerce in order to remain in competitive advantage in the highly competitive market of airlines industry. Moreover, with the growth and change in the lifestyle of the people, more Travellers avail the airline services every day. With the switch over to the e-commerce, the prices of the flight tickets are likely to decrease along with ensuring the same luxury service that the airlines is used to provide to the customers. Thus, customer service is enhanced customer loyalty is achieved and customer retention is done successfully. References Akamavi, R.K., Mohamed, E., Pellmann, K. and Xu, Y., 2015. Key determinants of passenger loyalty in the low-cost airline business.Tourism management,46, pp.528-545. Al-Fadly, A., 2016. Development and Implementation of E-Business Strategies Managed and Applied by Kuwait Airways.International Journal of Economics and Finance,8(9), p.41. Ater, I. and Orlov, E., 2015. The effect of the Internet on performance and quality: Evidence from the airline industry.Review of Economics and Statistics,97(1), pp.180-194. Belobaba, P., Odoni, A. and Barnhart, C. eds., 2015.The global airline industry. John Wiley Sons. Chen, F.Y., Tu, S.L. and Wang, H.E., 2016. Green Market Segmentation: A Case of Airline Customers in Taiwan.Journal of Sustainable Development,9(1), p.99. Effendi, F.S. and Alfina, I., 2014. Quality evaluation of airline's e-commerce website, a case study of AirAsia and Lion Air websites. InAdvanced Computer Science and Information Systems (ICACSIS), 2014 International Conference on(pp. 125-128). IEEE. Gasson, S., 2013. The impact of e-commerce technology on the air travel industry.Annals Of Cases On Information Technology Applications And Management In Organizations,5, pp.234-249. Hanke, M., 2016.Airline e-Commerce: Log on. Take off. Routledge. Hapsari, R., Clemes, M.D., and Dean, D., 2017. The impact of service quality, customer engagement and selected marketing constructs on airline passenger loyalty.International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences,9(1), pp.21-40. Heizer, J., 2016.Operations Management, 11/e. Pearson Education India. Laudon, K.C. and Traver, C.G., 2013.E-commerce. Pearson.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Mary Cassatt Essay Example For Students

Mary Cassatt Essay She was a woman who soared to the stars across the firmament of the male-dominated international art world. She was the only American, male or female, to become a member of the French Impressionists. Most women of her time were confined to the circumscribed world of marriage, homemaking and motherhood, but not her. Who is she? She is Mary Cassatt, certainly the greatest American female artist of her time, and arguably the greatest artist produced by any nation. Born in Pittsburgh on May 23, 1844, this American artist studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts in Philadelphia before traveling extensively throughout Europe. The daughter of an affluent businessman, Cassatts parents were not enthused with their daughters aspirations to become an artist, preferring instead for her to return home to marry and settle down. But the independent Cassatt made Paris her permanent home in 1874, the year of the first Impressionist Exhibition and Cassatts first Salon success. She met Degas in 1877 and the relationship had an immediate effect on Cassatts work. While she employed an impressionist style and exhibited at 4 of 8 Impressionist exhibitions, her paintings express a uniqueness of their own. Most famous for her mother and daughter paintings, Cassatt also called upon other motifs which depicted the world around her. Access to the cafes and corridors of her male counterparts were denied to women, yet Cassatts paintings are expressions of her ability to circumvent these limitations and reflect another aspect of Parisian modern life. She produced genre paintings and portraiture, and Cassatts depictions of women are ones of independent and powerful beings. The first three decades of Cassatts career was largely shaped by outside influences- art school in the 1860s, the masters of realism in the 1870s, and the French Impressionists in the 1880s. The decade of the 1890s marks a period when her unique creativity and individual style at last emerged unfettered. 1 Cassett experimented with a new media that would create a more linear effect. She used a drypoint technique, which involves scratching a sharp needle on a metal surface from which prints are made. This style suited her needs perfectly and she made produced over a hundred of these elegant works. It was an exciting art, of which Cassatt said, In drypoint you are down to the bare bones, you cant cheat. 1 After Cassatt perfected the drypoint technique she began to work with etching and a new technique that placed her at the forefront of the new graphic arts movement in Paris. This new technique was called aquatint, a method of engraving by treating the surface of a copper plate with an acid to give the effect of a watercolor. With the combination drypoint and aquatint, Cassatt produced a series of 10-color prints that stunned the art world. Woman Bathing; drypoint and aquatint on laid paper, plate: 14 3/8 x 10 1/2 in. sheet: 17 x 11 3/4 in. ; McNay Art Institute, McNay Art Institute, San Antonio, TX, Gift of Margaret Batts Tobin, is part of the 1891 print series that explores the private activities of women. The print seems to represent an expression of a semi-nude, voluptuous woman bathing with her toilette. As an attempt to formally critique this print primarily on visual effects using the elements of it, it is most important to describe the strong use of line represented. The print is drawn in very simple lines, lines that highlight Cassatts impeccable draftsmanship. The sensuous curve of the womans back is an example of a lucid line. There are many straight as well, for example the lines that portray the mirror and those that compose the basin stand. Line also plays and important role in relation to shape. There are many nice geometric shapes represented in this print due to the abundance of straight lines. The mirror and the door of the basin are examples of geometric squares. The Womans back also forms a somewhat geometric triangle. But, in addition to geometric shapes, there are also organic shapes as well. The various bottles that rest on the basin stand, the designs on the rug, and the pitcher next to the stand are all prime examples of organic shapes. .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d , .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d .postImageUrl , .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d , .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d:hover , .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d:visited , .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d:active { border:0!important; } .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d:active , .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Postmodernism and Connection to Society EssayThe use of form in this print suggests many a two-dimensional space. Cassatt renders the women other figures as two-dimensional shapes, while almost completely eliminating the traditional shading and tonal variations the create illusion of depth. The line that separates the wall and the floor behind the figures is the only suggestion of three-dimensional space. Cassatt also exemplified excellent use of color and value in the print. The primary use of the rich dark value of the blue absorbs most of the print. The nice rose flesh tone of the woman stands out against the blue background along with the rest of the figures. The stripes on the womans pants are even complementary, which makes them appear very vividly opposed to the rest of the images. Texture is apparent in this work of art. The richness of the scratched drypoint lines creates a very real texture. Cassatts perfection of drypoint shows us the bare bones of the work of art, the texture is permanent and intensely real. Another element to consider in relation to the print is space. The woman consumes most of the space, creating very little negative space. The flat two-dimensional surface also shows most of the main images in the fore and mid ground. All the space is utilized in the most positive way. In addition to applying the elements of art to Cassatts masterpiece, it also important to analyze the print by applying the principles of art. Initially, starting with emphasis, that main focus is the woman. Her elongated body consumes the print from the top to bottom and is by far the focal point. The woman is also, along with the rest of the images, realistically proportionate. The basin, bottles, and pitcher seem as if they actually fit her needs. Movement is heavily apparent in the print. By starting at the bottom of the womans wardrobe, eye movement is focused to the top of her head by following the stripes. Movement is then focused downward by following the womans arm, finally reaching the bottom of the print with focus on the pitcher. Triangular eye movement is therefore achieved. Balance is also achieved the print with the assistance of movement. At a glance the artwork seem uneven, with the woman positioned majority on the right side. But, after focussing on the movement, balance can be achieved once you notice the items on the left. Repetition and patter are also essential in this print. Cassatt repeated the use of blue uniformly in the print. She also used a consistent pattern in the womans outfit and in the rug. The contrast of the patterns also creates variety. Finally, with the assistance of balance, emphasis, proportion, rhythm, variety, and most of all, movement, unity is formed. The picture is harmonized to perfection. The simplification of the plane, decorative patterning and magnificent use of color unites the print. To interpret The Woman Bathing, one must relate this print to Cassatts strong attraction to Japanese art. Cassatt was one of the first to imitate the style. The mood and aesthetics of Japanese art seem to be absorbed in her artwork. The subject, the woman, can be interpreted as a simple woman, unselfconsciously cleansing herself. The modesty and seriousness of the print, along with the style, is intriguing, and creates extensive pleasure as you view the calmness of the woman bathing. Cassatts vigor work, The Woman Bathing, shows absolute truthfulness in the everyday plain woman. The work is compelling and successful. Simple in every effect, the richness in her lines is shown. Cassatts God given talents remain an inspiration to artists everywhere.