Enhancement Of The Customer Relations †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Enhancement Of The Customer Relations. Answer: Introduction Customer relation and customer behaviour has a significant role to play in the enhancement of business in any sector. With the advent of technology, onlinemarketing needs to be incorporated, in order to gain the confidence and loyalty of the online customers. This assignment highlights the article by Al-Fadly (2016) that sheds light upon the increase of market share and customer loyalty, by using the Internet technology as well as e-commerce models. The findings of the article are summarized, along with the evaluation of two other relevant articles, focusing on the same sector of study. The Omani market is evaluated and the influence of e-commerce in customer retention and achieving customer loyalty has been mentioned. Conclusion along with few recommendations has been added for further enhancement of the customer relations. The significance of the customer relation and customer behavior has been evaluated in this assignment. Summary of the article The article by Al-Fadly (2016), aims to offer perspectives in the execution of e-business strategies, focusing on customer satisfaction and achievement of customer loyalty with the incorporation of e-commerce. The article focuses on the case study of Kuwait Airways and Jazeera Airways (Al-Fadly 2016). This article highlights that a good website and effective e-commerce is able to enhance the customer base of the Airlines companies. The sustainability of both these airlines is evaluating, thus highlighting the significance of the use of e-commerce in order to retain the loyal customers. Kuwait Airways is the national airlines of Kuwait, which is heading towards privatization. With the increase in the competition from the local economic Airlines, the need for the use of e-commerce has increased, in order to retain the loyal customers, along with refraining them to chose the other Airlines (Al-Fadly 2016). In order to ensure that Kuwait Airlines remains in the strong competitive advantages, the Airlines have launched its own web portal. This initiative was an important one, helping the Airlines distinguish itself from the other websites. The website offered a wide range of services such as shipment tracking, baggage tracking, and flight schedules, providing promotions, follow-up on the holiday offers as well as access to the Oasis Club information (Al-Fadly 2016). These wide ranges of services ensure the company being distinguished from the other competitor airlines. One of the major goals of that is set by the Kuwait Airlines is to re-establish a network of attractin g huge number of customers, with the facilities that are provided by the newly launched website of the Kuwait Airlines. The Airlines ensures the attraction of passengers from more than 46 countries, all over the world (Al-Fadly 2016). The information about the passengers, the rates of the air tickets, the market fluctuations, and delay in the flights are obtained from the website. Moreover, Kuwait Airways have outsourced the customer care to the call centers in order to handle interaction with the customers successfully (Al-Fadly 2016). Moreover, the facilities such as online ticket purchasing, online reservation system facilitates the passengers to book their tickets as per their convenience. Effective e-commerce and online marketing have a key role to play in enhancing the customer base, along with attracting more customers. The facilities of optimised timings of booking the tickets and getting timely updates of any changes in the schedule of the flights, that are provided by website ensure customer loyalty (Al-Fadly 2016). With the wide use of the Internet technology, the e-commerce sites have provided an excellent opportunity for the Airlines companies to remain strong in the competitive advantages. The customer relationship is also enhanced by the incorporation of the e-commerce sites. The customer service executives are able to track the concerns of the customers easily, thus resulting in prompt responses to the queries of the customers and frequent flyers (Al-Fadly 2016). Along with Kuwait Airways, Jazeera Airways also experienced enhanced sale and customers with the incorporation of the online portal. Jazeera Airways is the only privately owned airlines in the Middle East. The low fare of the fight was designed to attract tourists and customers, along with the provision of high quality in-flight services (Al-Fadly 2016). The online system of Jazeera Airways enhanced the functionalities and customer accessibilities. The primary aim of the Cleartrip website of Jazeera Airways is to ensure the easy booking of the flights along with providing a single point of contact with the customers (Al-Fadly 2016). Hence, the customer service issues that the Airlines faced earlier were completely mitigated with the incorporation of e-commerce and the online reservation portals. The article mainly focused on the secondary type of research methods that focuses on analyzing the case studies of Kuwati and Jazeera Airways along with that of the online travel market. The secondary data has been collected as a part of the research methodology that has helped to understand the market value of the e-business models. The methods have been applied to the major airline industry that will help in understanding the level of customer satisfaction. The aspects of the customer relationship management are also analyzed with the help of the research methods. This is believed to be one of the prime aspects of the e-business model that is also one of the prime deciding factors of the level of customer satisfaction. The main findings of the study are the factors within the airline industry that is affecting the business and competitive environment. The findings suggest about the factors like the features of the companys website that is crucial in deciding upon the level of customer satisfaction. Development in the information economy is a crucial factor that has helped on to decide the factors of the business strategy. This is also one of the major concerns about the overall process of business development. One of the major concerns is also due to the lack of awareness among the business owners about the appropriate business model that can be applied to the web designs. There is also one of the major concerns about the risk that exists due to competition between the suppliers. From the findings, it is clear that this can have major impact on the quality of service that is provided to the customers. There is also a growing concern about the uncertainty about the use of the technology that is related to the software used in the KAC website. The workers within the organization also lack the ability to work with the technology that is needed to operate the e-commerce forms of business. All these reasons that are the major findings of the research prevent the KAC to improve upon their level of customer service. From the findings that have highlighted the technical issues related to that lack of skills among the workers. Hence, it is recommended that the workers should be given proper training in the skills related to software learning ability. From the findings of the study, it is clear that well developed website can be one of the major advantages of all the process related to the business. Hence, it is highly recommended by the airline industry to focus on the technological infrastructure and thereby able to develop upon the e-commerce business sections. Evaluation of the article using other articles The article by Effendi and Alfina (2014) is in support with the article by Al-Fadly (2016). This study highlights the case study of Air Asia and Lion Air websites. The Air Asia is dedicated to providing the customers with low-cost travel to the customers and frequent flyers (Laudon and Traver 2013). This airline operates mainly in Asia, providing the customers with good in-house facilities (Effendi and Alfina 2014). The website of Air Asia and Lion Air websites have resulted in the increase in the sale of the air tickets, along with helping the customers to get in touch with the Airlines officials (Ater and Orlov 2015). The e-commerce sites promote the airlines brands and help to attract more customers (Effendi and Alfina 2014). The business of the airline's companies increases, thus ensuring the success of the brands. Air Asia is one of the cheapest flying options that is provided to the customers especially for the business Travellers and the frequent flyers. Even though the price of the tickets are low Expectations of the customers are same as that of the high priced Airlines (Effendi and Alfina 2014). Hence it is important that Air Asia along with helping the Travellers to travel at a low price attract customers and ensure various services that are expected from an Airline (Effendi and Alfina 2014). In order to ensure the same, a user friendly web portal is important. The Travellers are able to check out the prices of the tickets, along with opting for meal and other services online. This is helpful in promoting Air Asia and helping it to compete with the popular Airlines such as Thai Airways Singapore Airlines and other private airlines. The article by Gasson (2013) highlights the various challenges that are faced by the Airlines industry. The major challenges include the lack of customer loyalty, customer dissatisfaction, and deflection of the customers to the competitor Airlines (Hanke 2016). These issues are mitigated by the incorporation of effective websites and e-commerce sites (Gasson 2013). The customer interactions are clarified, along with the effective management of the online customers. The customers are able to purchase the tickets, track their luggage, check their PNR status and remain informed of the changes in schedule or discounts and promotions (Gasson 2013). With the enhancement in the lifestyle of the people and lack of time, the need for online purchase of the tickets and e-commerce services has become essential (Gasson 2013). These services are time saving, along with ensuring remote tracking from geographically remote locations. The passengers are able to block the choice of the seats through w eb check-in and also chose the choice of food that they refer in-flight (Gasson 2013). Thus, the entire processes of customer services are enhanced, thus ensuring customer satisfaction. Hence, the chosen articles conclude that e-commerce has a key role to play in ensuring the success of the Airlines industry (Heizer 2016). Moreover, successful mitigation of the issues of customer services is also seen in the use of the e-commerce sites. Evaluation of the Omani market The Omani market is a fast-growing marketplace with a large consumer base and high competition. The large consumer base refers to a variety of demands among the customers in order to fulfill the demands of each customer. Moreover, with high competition among the various Airlines operating in Oman, each of them tries to remain at the top of the competitive ladder (Akamavi et al. 2015). This leads to high competition among the various airlines ensuring the growth of each of them. The consumer behavior has to be influenced such that the customers could be retained successfully (Belobaba et al. 2015). Branding has a major role to play in business. The consumers are often brand conscious and tend to retain particular airlines (Chen et al. 2016). Thus, it is important that the Airlines companies are well equipped with various facilities to be provided to the customers. The in-flight luxury, along with catering to the needs of the customers has a major role to play in ensuring customer sati sfaction and customer retention (Belobaba et al. 2015). The Omani market is highly competitive (Hapsari et al. 2017). Hence, it is important that the Airlines companies work diligently and incorporate the use of high technology in order to remain in competitive advantages in the highly competitive market. The Omani market provides a good opportunity for the development of business and ensures the success of business of various sectors. The Omani market provides strong competition among the various airline companies, thus ensuring business growth. Hence, it is important that the various Airlines companies operating in Oman upgrade the technology they use and equip themselves with highly efficient online reservation portals and websites, thus promoting e-commerce. Conclusion and recommendations Thus, it could be concluded that the incorporation of e-commerce in the airline's industry is essential and important. The above articles highlight the importance of the use of e-commerce in the Airlines industry. With the advent of the Internet, it has become essential to incorporate e-commerce in the Airlines industry. The websites of the Airlines are important to ensure customer satisfaction and retain the customers. The e-commerce sites ensure that the customers are able to book their tickets, track the luggage, and check any changes in the schedule of the flight, with a click. Moreover, the customers stay updated with the use of the e-commerce in the airline's industry. The use of e-commerce in the airline's industry has enhanced the sale of the tickets along with attracting customers. With the launch of the web portal by Kuwait Airways, the airlines have experienced significant increase in the number of customers resulting from the ease of use online web portal. Facilities prov ided by the website include web checking, luggage tracking using from a variety of meal and other in-flight services. However, some recommendations need to be made in order to ensure that the entire airline industry is facilitated by the use of e-commerce. The frequent flyers and customers should be made aware of the advantages that the web portals of the airline's company provide. This will encourage them to use the services more often does promote website. This is also a time saving process for the customers and the frequent flyers saving the effort of calling the customer care service of the airline industry. In order to promote the use of e-commerce, the airline companies could provide discount on the flight tickets and some complementary services for the passengers to book the tickets online and away the online services. This will be a promotion as well as an encouragement for the customers to use the e-commerce sites of the airline's companies. Moreover, discount could be offered to the frequent flyer does ensure that the fly with the luxury Airlines such as Kuwait Airways rather than choosing a cheaper option. Hence it could be concluded that it is important to ensure successful e-commerce in order to remain in competitive advantage in the highly competitive market of airlines industry. Moreover, with the growth and change in the lifestyle of the people, more Travellers avail the airline services every day. With the switch over to the e-commerce, the prices of the flight tickets are likely to decrease along with ensuring the same luxury service that the airlines is used to provide to the customers. Thus, customer service is enhanced customer loyalty is achieved and customer retention is done successfully. References Akamavi, R.K., Mohamed, E., Pellmann, K. and Xu, Y., 2015. Key determinants of passenger loyalty in the low-cost airline business.Tourism management,46, pp.528-545. Al-Fadly, A., 2016. Development and Implementation of E-Business Strategies Managed and Applied by Kuwait Airways.International Journal of Economics and Finance,8(9), p.41. Ater, I. and Orlov, E., 2015. The effect of the Internet on performance and quality: Evidence from the airline industry.Review of Economics and Statistics,97(1), pp.180-194. Belobaba, P., Odoni, A. and Barnhart, C. eds., 2015.The global airline industry. John Wiley Sons. Chen, F.Y., Tu, S.L. and Wang, H.E., 2016. Green Market Segmentation: A Case of Airline Customers in Taiwan.Journal of Sustainable Development,9(1), p.99. Effendi, F.S. and Alfina, I., 2014. Quality evaluation of airline's e-commerce website, a case study of AirAsia and Lion Air websites. InAdvanced Computer Science and Information Systems (ICACSIS), 2014 International Conference on(pp. 125-128). IEEE. Gasson, S., 2013. The impact of e-commerce technology on the air travel industry.Annals Of Cases On Information Technology Applications And Management In Organizations,5, pp.234-249. Hanke, M., 2016.Airline e-Commerce: Log on. Take off. Routledge. Hapsari, R., Clemes, M.D., and Dean, D., 2017. The impact of service quality, customer engagement and selected marketing constructs on airline passenger loyalty.International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences,9(1), pp.21-40. Heizer, J., 2016.Operations Management, 11/e. Pearson Education India. Laudon, K.C. and Traver, C.G., 2013.E-commerce. Pearson.

Mary Cassatt Essay Example For Students

Mary Cassatt Essay She was a woman who soared to the stars across the firmament of the male-dominated international art world. She was the only American, male or female, to become a member of the French Impressionists. Most women of her time were confined to the circumscribed world of marriage, homemaking and motherhood, but not her. Who is she? She is Mary Cassatt, certainly the greatest American female artist of her time, and arguably the greatest artist produced by any nation. Born in Pittsburgh on May 23, 1844, this American artist studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts in Philadelphia before traveling extensively throughout Europe. The daughter of an affluent businessman, Cassatts parents were not enthused with their daughters aspirations to become an artist, preferring instead for her to return home to marry and settle down. But the independent Cassatt made Paris her permanent home in 1874, the year of the first Impressionist Exhibition and Cassatts first Salon success. She met Degas in 1877 and the relationship had an immediate effect on Cassatts work. While she employed an impressionist style and exhibited at 4 of 8 Impressionist exhibitions, her paintings express a uniqueness of their own. Most famous for her mother and daughter paintings, Cassatt also called upon other motifs which depicted the world around her. Access to the cafes and corridors of her male counterparts were denied to women, yet Cassatts paintings are expressions of her ability to circumvent these limitations and reflect another aspect of Parisian modern life. She produced genre paintings and portraiture, and Cassatts depictions of women are ones of independent and powerful beings. The first three decades of Cassatts career was largely shaped by outside influences- art school in the 1860s, the masters of realism in the 1870s, and the French Impressionists in the 1880s. The decade of the 1890s marks a period when her unique creativity and individual style at last emerged unfettered. 1 Cassett experimented with a new media that would create a more linear effect. She used a drypoint technique, which involves scratching a sharp needle on a metal surface from which prints are made. This style suited her needs perfectly and she made produced over a hundred of these elegant works. It was an exciting art, of which Cassatt said, In drypoint you are down to the bare bones, you cant cheat. 1 After Cassatt perfected the drypoint technique she began to work with etching and a new technique that placed her at the forefront of the new graphic arts movement in Paris. This new technique was called aquatint, a method of engraving by treating the surface of a copper plate with an acid to give the effect of a watercolor. With the combination drypoint and aquatint, Cassatt produced a series of 10-color prints that stunned the art world. Woman Bathing; drypoint and aquatint on laid paper, plate: 14 3/8 x 10 1/2 in. sheet: 17 x 11 3/4 in. ; McNay Art Institute, McNay Art Institute, San Antonio, TX, Gift of Margaret Batts Tobin, is part of the 1891 print series that explores the private activities of women. The print seems to represent an expression of a semi-nude, voluptuous woman bathing with her toilette. As an attempt to formally critique this print primarily on visual effects using the elements of it, it is most important to describe the strong use of line represented. The print is drawn in very simple lines, lines that highlight Cassatts impeccable draftsmanship. The sensuous curve of the womans back is an example of a lucid line. There are many straight as well, for example the lines that portray the mirror and those that compose the basin stand. Line also plays and important role in relation to shape. There are many nice geometric shapes represented in this print due to the abundance of straight lines. The mirror and the door of the basin are examples of geometric squares. The Womans back also forms a somewhat geometric triangle. But, in addition to geometric shapes, there are also organic shapes as well. The various bottles that rest on the basin stand, the designs on the rug, and the pitcher next to the stand are all prime examples of organic shapes. .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d , .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d .postImageUrl , .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d , .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d:hover , .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d:visited , .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d:active { border:0!important; } .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d:active , .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub6db133cda5674f2616dbddf9d4c713d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Postmodernism and Connection to Society EssayThe use of form in this print suggests many a two-dimensional space. Cassatt renders the women other figures as two-dimensional shapes, while almost completely eliminating the traditional shading and tonal variations the create illusion of depth. The line that separates the wall and the floor behind the figures is the only suggestion of three-dimensional space. Cassatt also exemplified excellent use of color and value in the print. The primary use of the rich dark value of the blue absorbs most of the print. The nice rose flesh tone of the woman stands out against the blue background along with the rest of the figures. The stripes on the womans pants are even complementary, which makes them appear very vividly opposed to the rest of the images. Texture is apparent in this work of art. The richness of the scratched drypoint lines creates a very real texture. Cassatts perfection of drypoint shows us the bare bones of the work of art, the texture is permanent and intensely real. Another element to consider in relation to the print is space. The woman consumes most of the space, creating very little negative space. The flat two-dimensional surface also shows most of the main images in the fore and mid ground. All the space is utilized in the most positive way. In addition to applying the elements of art to Cassatts masterpiece, it also important to analyze the print by applying the principles of art. Initially, starting with emphasis, that main focus is the woman. Her elongated body consumes the print from the top to bottom and is by far the focal point. The woman is also, along with the rest of the images, realistically proportionate. The basin, bottles, and pitcher seem as if they actually fit her needs. Movement is heavily apparent in the print. By starting at the bottom of the womans wardrobe, eye movement is focused to the top of her head by following the stripes. Movement is then focused downward by following the womans arm, finally reaching the bottom of the print with focus on the pitcher. Triangular eye movement is therefore achieved. Balance is also achieved the print with the assistance of movement. At a glance the artwork seem uneven, with the woman positioned majority on the right side. But, after focussing on the movement, balance can be achieved once you notice the items on the left. Repetition and patter are also essential in this print. Cassatt repeated the use of blue uniformly in the print. She also used a consistent pattern in the womans outfit and in the rug. The contrast of the patterns also creates variety. Finally, with the assistance of balance, emphasis, proportion, rhythm, variety, and most of all, movement, unity is formed. The picture is harmonized to perfection. The simplification of the plane, decorative patterning and magnificent use of color unites the print. To interpret The Woman Bathing, one must relate this print to Cassatts strong attraction to Japanese art. Cassatt was one of the first to imitate the style. The mood and aesthetics of Japanese art seem to be absorbed in her artwork. The subject, the woman, can be interpreted as a simple woman, unselfconsciously cleansing herself. The modesty and seriousness of the print, along with the style, is intriguing, and creates extensive pleasure as you view the calmness of the woman bathing. Cassatts vigor work, The Woman Bathing, shows absolute truthfulness in the everyday plain woman. The work is compelling and successful. Simple in every effect, the richness in her lines is shown. Cassatts God given talents remain an inspiration to artists everywhere.

Recycling Essays (1137 words) - Recycling, Water Conservation

Recycling In the United Sates, where the population is inflated every year. The amount of space for landfills decreases every day. The need for recycling should not be asked, it should just be done out of habit. Everyone in America needs to recycle, to help the lamdfill problem, help the environment, and help produce new products from recycled goods. In America there is about two-hundred and eight tons of residential and commercial trash generated a year, 4.3 pounds per person a day (Prichard 1A). This is an overwhelming amount of trashed produced yearly. When people recycle this number can be drastically cut. But many people do not practice and use recycling. Consumers and businesses should use the three R's; recycle, reuse, and recharge (Prichard 1A). Consumers and businesses are producing more garbage than ever before. As a result, we are rapidly running out of landfill space. In 1979 America had close to 18,500 landfills, and by 1991 that number was nearly cut in half (Prichard 10A). Kentucky, Ohio, Minnesota, and Illinois will reach their maximum limit on landfills by the year 2005 (Prichard 10A). This whole garbage problem has forced us to try other options. Many of these options have been very unsuccessful. People have tried burning their garbage, that cause pollution to the environment. Some states even resorted to dropping their trash in the ocean, only to have the very same trash float ashore later. Dumping it on other states leads to feuding neighbors. Indiana passed a law to block imports of out-of-state trash, but a federal court ruled the law illegal (Prichard 10A). Instead of trying to find new ways to dump our trash, we need to find better ways to recycle it and save space in our landfills. In the 1970s there was a push to use recycled paper. A worker at a paper factory in Illinois states, "Then the issue was saving a tree. But trees are replaced. We plant them, we cut them, we plant them again" (Pendleton). The worker also said, "The problem now is the landfill situation, I think this one is going to stick" (Pendleton). By 1991 thirty-nine states and hundreds of local governments have passed laws or solutions requiring the purchase of recycled paper. According to Henry Miller, vice president of a paper mill said, "By volume, thirty-eight percent of solid waste in a landfill is paper and cardboard" (Pendleton). That paper and cardboard, if recycled could have produced that much paper or other products and it would have cleared up thirty-eight percent of many landfills across America. One major way to get people involved with recycling is the environment perspective. Not only would the landfills be cut down the environment gains a lot by having people recycle. So what do the states do to keep the environment clean? They enact laws against litter and waste. One way is the state requiring the deposit on beer and soft-drink bottles and cans (Prichard 8A). In those states, millions of bottles and cans that once were left on beaches, tossed in rivers and parks or thrown along the highways are being taken back to stores instead for a refund. A twenty-year old student from Michigan said, "Throwing away cans is like throwing away money to me" (Prichard 8A). These state laws must be working if people have this attitude towards recycling cans and bottles. States with deposit laws have found that providing consumers with an incentive to return bottles and cans is one of the simplest, least expensive ways to clean up litter and reduce trash going into costly landfills (Prichard 8A). Researchers have found this way of reducing landfills and encouraging recycling very worth while. In New York that passed a refund law, mainly due to all the liter and trash people throw in the city's parks and streets. The amount of trash going into landfills from the city of New York City alone reduced by 550 tons per day (Prichard 8A). That is a lot of recycled cans and bottles that did not have to see the landfill. The same law was placed in Vermont and Connecticut. These two states also showed amazing results. The litter in Vermont was reduced by thirty-five percent and in Connecticut the litter in parks was reduced by fifty percent (Prichard 8A). Laws on beverage containers alone will not solve our trash problems. We need recycling programs for old batteries, used motor oil, paper, plastics, metals, and glass. According to environmental groups and government agencies, if bottle laws were in effect in all states: litter

How to Apply for a Research Grant

How to Apply for a Research Grant How to Apply for a Research Grant There are several things you need to do when preparing a research grant application. These include the following: Plan the application process from the very beginning. This means setting aside time to research funding sources, as well   as working out the basic details of your project (e.g., proposed budget and timeframe). Read your funding organization’s submission guidelines and use these to write up your application. Try to use clear, concise language throughout. Justify each aspect of your application, including your methods, costs, timescale, what your research will achieve, and why you have applied for a grant to fund your work. Proofread your application carefully before submitting it. And to help you through this process, we’ll now look at each of these points in more detail. Read on to find out more. 1. Researching a Research Grant To maximize your chances of success when planning a grant application, you need to find a funder that suits your situation and research interests. To do this, you should: Set a schedule for the application process that you can work towards. Work out your basic proposal, such as the budget and research aims. Look for funding opportunities in your subject area. Make sure to check eligibility guidelines and the funding organization’s objectives. Speak to colleagues about your grant proposal, especially if you know anyone who has received funding for a similar project in the past. The idea is to find the best funder for your project. Once you have done this, try to get as much relevant information as possible together before you begin writing up your application. 2. Writing Up Your Application Before you write up your application, read the funding organization’s submission guidelines carefully. These will set out how your application should be written, formatted, and structured. The format here may vary slightly, but most research grant applications should include: A title page featuring your name(s) and contact information. An abstract or summary of the proposal. An introduction with background information and research aims. A short literature review of the research you are building upon. Proposed methods and expected results of your research. A budget outline for how the grant will be spent. A timeframe for conducting the research. In terms of style, a research grant application should be clear, concise, and formal. If possible, though, try to keep the language simple and avoid jargon unless it is strictly necessary. 3. Justifying Your Choices While writing up your application, make sure to explain your thinking. This is vital because you may be competing for the same grant as many other academics. As such, you need to show that you have considered each aspect of your proposal in detail, including: How your research fits with the funding organization’s interests. Why you need a grant for your research and how it will be spent. Why the methods and timescale you have proposed are appropriate. How the research will contribute to knowledge in your subject area and/or how it could be applicable in â€Å"real life† situations outside academia. 4. Editing and Proofreading Finally, always leave time for editing and proofreading before you submit your application. This will allow you to seek feedback from colleagues and make revisions accordingly. In addition, once you have made any final revisions, you may want to ask someone to give your application one final check (perhaps even a professional proofreader). This will ensure the final document is 100% typo free, demonstrating valuable attention to detail in the process.

Intellectual Property and Patents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Intellectual Property and Patents - Essay Example The look up table is made by manufacturer by using the Sp O2 values in different sites of healthy subjects. The ratio of 0.5 is equal to 100 percent of SpO2 a ratio of 1 is equal to 82 percent of SpO2 and a ratio of 2 is equal to 0 percent of SpO2. 1 According to [2] the intellectual property of Oximeter lies in its design of low cost, miniature, light weight, ultra low power, intelligent sensors capable of customization. The system design of monitoring health applications finds seamless integration of body activities. While configuring the intelligent sensor the challenge of system designers are considered. This needs the platform featuring a low power micro controller. It consists of low power programmable logic device, a communication interface, and signal conditioning circuit. The combination and integration of the above systems will find application in medical and health needs. The easy customization, runtime reconfiguration and energy efficient computation and communication is needed for medical technology. The intellectual property is result of common platform for multiple physical sensors and a repository of both software procedures with hardware acceleration. The control of alleviation of costs also will come under inte llectual property by following the transition of a new generation of sensors. 2 The intellectual proper... 2. IP Protection According to reference [3], the Patent is needed for IP protection. This can be granted for a device, substance, method, process that is new, inventive and useful to people. After granting the patent the intellectual protection is done by legally enforcing the exclusive right to the owner and grants commercial exploitation. This commercial exploitation resulted in advances in medical technology. In Australia the patents are of two types. Generally the standard patent can give long term protection and control over invention. If the applicant is not that much rich or able to bear the cost, he/she can take the patent for a maximum of 8 years. The protection for new technology will lead to different products in medical technology like different types of Oximeters. The commercial gain in using Oximeters resulted in its advances in technology used in it. When the further research is done and the time of patent is over the information becomes public. The mathematical models and artistic cre ations cannot be patented. The medical technology is not in the list that cannot be patented and this enabled the commercialisation of medical technology. This commercialisation gave more funds for further research. 3 2.1 Prior Art: Cancelled matter in the application file of US patent can come under Prior Act. This can be used as prior act as of the patent and contributes to prior public knowledge. When an abandoned application was previously published, that is disseminated by US Patent and Trademark Office by using electronic media. This can be made available to public and are open to inspection of public by obtaining from the office of patents. This information is available under 37 CFR 1.11 9a) and can be used as prior act under 35 U.S.C 102(a) or 102 (b) as of the

Introduction to Tourism Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Introduction to Tourism Management - Essay Example Tourists are people who Are staying in another place away from home (for a maximum period of one year), but will eventually return home; Are part of leisure and tourism related activities; Visit for temporary short periods; Are on day trips (they may not be outside overnight); Are on business trips, which may not be holidays (Rowe, Smith and Borein, 2002, 3-4). The basic components of trade and tourism are: Fig 1: The core components of tourism management (Source: Rowe, Smith and Borein, 2002, 6). B. ‘Generating’ countries: The countries from where people tend to visit other places as tourists, or countries from where there is more outbound tourism, are known as tourist-generating countries. The term refers to places where people travel away from their home countries to other international places, for leisure purposes or for conducting business. This is a form of outbound tourism (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2010, 109). As for example, a busin ess group travelling from UK to US, for some important exhibition; or a family travelling from UK to France for a holiday. Here, UK is the generating country. C. Receiving countries: The countries to which people travel for leisure purposes or for conducting business related activities, are known as receiving countries. As for example, teams from various international destinations travelling to UK for taking part in the Olympics; or a group of Chinese tourists going to UK for sightseeing, or for visiting family and friends. D. Main tourism ‘receiving' countries of the world: Travel and Tourism is a popular worldwide activity, associated with leisure and holidays. In 2010, figures revealed that more 940 million tourists from all parts of the world entered various receiving countries, leading to an increase of 6.6% in tourism when compared to the 2009 figures, and the total receiving global tourism numbers rose to   euro  693 billion in 2010, equivalent to a 4.7% rise in   actual terms (UNWTO, 2011, 2). Owing to the 2007-08 economic downturns, international  tourism  suffered a setback, which started around June 2008. Here we find that the rise the global tourism arrivals in various receiving countries falling to 2% (especially during the summer season) (UNWTO, 2008, 1). This trend continued into 2009, when some countries were more affected than others owing to the worldwide outbreak of the H1N1 influenza virus, and in an average almost a 6% fall in tourism for the receiving countries (fall of 4% in global arrival numbers, resulting in around 880 million international tourist ‘arrivals’ in 2009) (ibid). Travel and tourism is an important segment in the economic sector of many ‘receiving’ countries, while for some ‘receiving’ countries tourism is a vital sector where the nation’s entire economy depends on the revenues earned from travel and tourism for an overall growth and development. Receiving countr ies where tourism earns large revenue  are USA, UK, Spain, France,  Italy, Greece, Egypt,  Ã‚   Israel,  Lebanon,  Thailand, Fiji, Seychelles, The Bahamas,  Maldives,  and Philippines. Tourism brings in revenue from the payments made by the tourists for  the services and goods received; it creates various job opportunities within the  hospitality and service  that function within the travel and tourism. The hospitality and se

George cantor. infinite numbers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

George cantor. infinite numbers - Essay Example Cantor had the passion of becoming a mathematician and in 1862; he joined University of Zurich (Putnam, 10). Cantor later moved to the University of Berlin following the death of his father. Here, he specialized in mathematics and physics and this institution gave him the chance to interact with great mathematicians such as Weierstrass and Kronecker bringing him closer to his career as a mathematician (Putnam, 12). After graduating from the university, he ended up becoming an unpaid lecturer since he could not secure himself a stable employment. In 1874, he got a position as an assistant professor at the University of Halle. It is in this same year that he married. His intensive research and analysis in mathematics had not ended yet and it is during this same year that he published his first article on set theory. In his research on set theory, Cantor dug deep into the foundations of infinite sets, which interested him most. He published a number of papers on set theory between 1874 and 1897 and come to the end of 1897; he was in a position to prove that integers in a set contained equal number of members to those contained in cubes, squares and numbers. He also provided that the counts/numbers in a line which is infinite needs to be equal to the points in a line segment in addition to his earlier statement that values which cannot be used as solutions to algebraic equations such as 2.71828 and 3.14159 in transcendental numbers will be extremely bigger than their integers. Before these provisions by him, the subject of infinity used to be treated as revered. Such a view had been propagated by mathematicians such as Gauss who provided that infinity should only be used for speaking purposes as opposed to being used as mathematical values. However, Cantor opposed Gauss’s argument saying that sets are complete number of members. In fact, Cantor went ahead and termed infinite numbers to be transfinite and as a result came up with completely new discoveries (J oseph, 188). Such discoveries saw him promoted to be the professor in 1879. Kronecker opposed Cantor’s argument on the basis that only â€Å"real† numbers may be termed to be integers terming decimals and fractions as irrational with the interpretation that they were not elements of consideration in mathematics’ business. However, some other mathematicians such as Richard Dedekind and Weierstrass supported Cantor’s argument and responded to Kronecker proving to him that Cantor was actually right. Kronecker’s opposition did not stop or delay Cantor’s work and in 1885, he extended his theory of order types and cardinal numbers in such a way that his previous theory on ordinal numbers gained some special importance. The extension was followed by the article he published in 1897 that marked his final treat to the theory of sets. As a conclusion, Cantor elaborated on the operation of set theory. He provided that if X and Y are unique sets which a re equivalent to a subset of Y and Y is equivalent to a subset, say subset X, then X and Y must be equivalent. This provision on set theory received great support from many mathematicians such as Schrat and Bernstein, making it the most prominent and his greatest contribution to mathematics. Following this provision, Cantor’s work and contribution in mathematics went down and almost ceased.